How to Use contextmanager Decorator To Create Custom with Statements in Python

The aim of this page📝 is to describe the creation of a context manager on the example of a function that goes to a specified folder ⟹ executes a random function ⟹ returns to where it started — without having to handle the journey there and back each time manually

Pavol Kutaj
3 min readApr 24, 2023

Context manager is a built-in Python protocol implemented via the with statement

  • In Python, we have the with statement that replaces the need to use pair statements ...such as open() and close() for file handling
  • This is part of a protocol known as context manager

protocol is a set of operations that a type must support to implement

context managers provide __enter__() and __exit__() methods that are invoked on entry to and exit from the body of the with statement.

Context Library built-in module contains a contextmanager decorator that can be used to implement a custom context manager

@contextlib.contextmanager¶ This function is a decorator that can be used to define a factory function for with statement context managers, without needing to create a class or separate __enter__() and __exit__() methods.While many objects natively support use in with statements, sometimes a resource needs to be managed that isn’t a context manager in its own right, and doesn’t implement a close() method for use with contextlib.closing

  • The structure of the custom context manager built with the @contextmanager decorator looks like this

My implementation of the built-in context manager function

  • In scripting/just CLI work (powershell/bash) it is typical that you need to go somewhere, do something, and return to the point of departure
  • In PowerShell, this is done with the pair function push-location and pop-location
  • This is the final implementation — ignore the first function that’s also a decorator I’m using to abstract away git for operational purposes …e.g. access provision to AWS subaccounts
  • What matters here is the push_and_pop_path function and its structure which allows it to ...1.go to the repo, check if it's dirty, pull changes if needed, checkout the branch ...2.return ...3.run the function which in this case populates iam template for AWS access and copies the file to the repo with the checked-out branch ...4.to to the repo again, commit and push changes and ask if a PR should be opened

The whole story belongs to the wider epic of side-effects functions — functions, that come in pairs

  • Uncle Bob has a nice rant about this
how good at we at managing pairs of functions like this? 
for example how good are we at managing malloc and free
the answer to that is that we're terrible at managing that
the obvious evidence of our terrible ability to manage pairs of functions is that
in modern languages, we've invented a horrible hack to allow us to forget about managing pairs of functions
that horrible hack is called garbage collection

now I would not want to program without garbage collection
because garbage collection makes it much easier to write safe code
but you must admit that garbage collection is a crutch
it is not reasoned
you did not write the code in a reasoned way
you did not free everything you allocated
instead what you did is say - the system will take care of it
and ok fine we have written this horrible hack we've declared that we're
going to depend upon it we've acknowledged that we need the crutch

but allocation and freeing are not the only side effect function
there are many other side effect functions that you and I have to deal with
like open and close

does anybody seen a system crash because too many people forgot to close files
yes and you leave a bunch of file descriptors open in the operating system
and eventually, you run out of file descriptors that's called a file descriptor leak
has anybody seen a system crash because all the graphics contexts got leaked
or the semaphores didn't get closed

anything that comes in a pair like that will suffer the same fate that memory used to suffer
when we had memory leaks (and by the way you can still have memory leaks in Java)

https://youtu.be/7EmboKQH8lM?t=5252

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Pavol Kutaj
Pavol Kutaj

Written by Pavol Kutaj

Today I Learnt | Infrastructure Support Engineer at snowplow.io with a passion for cloud infrastructure/terraform/python/docs. More at https://pavol.kutaj.com

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